Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing by helping learners understand the relationship between letters and sounds. It involves learning how letters (graphemes) correspond to sounds (phonemes) and how to blend these sounds to read words. Phonics helps children decode new words, improve spelling, and build strong reading skills. It is especially effective in early literacy development and is widely used in primary education. By mastering phonics, learners gain confidence and fluency in reading.